曾經(jīng)象征著基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)程度的軸承產(chǎn)業(yè)，最早出現(xiàn)在歐美國家，其歷史已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了近百年，悉數(shù)家珍，如今又有誰能孤獨(dú)百年，屹立工業(yè)不倒?
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今天就列出部分滅絕，消失匿跡，衰落及被吞并的品牌：
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) `) K7 A! d9 q3 L* w1 j滅絕：
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6 C# ~7 p2 O3 G美國：5 j, k) r" |3 _8 p4 u, E
NDH, ND (New Departure of Hampshire, New Departure)
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+ \/ a+ e, U( t% t4 p5 d0 U英國：
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被吞并：
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9 ^6 K. Z8 b, x/ I美國：
- C! X0 O$ Q& f: T! jFAFNIR航空軸承生產(chǎn)線（被RBC于2002年從TORRINGTON旗下買斷）
) n7 J% u+ h+ F% Z7 g1 W1 BMRC(被SKF收購）. D) g" o4 r- o! X
BCA/BOWER(被NTN收購）5 l" W- m; B _& }* q
DODGE(被BALDOR電機(jī)收購）
4 L- _0 f! S" q+ P6 j( \TORRINGTON(2009年被TIMKEN賣給了KOYO,距離TIMKEN收購TORRINGTON的2003年,只有7年的光景)1 n8 ?* U i1 I* \: q" T0 i' t
FAFNIR(1985年被TORRINGTON收購后,一并又被賣給了TIMKEN)/ e9 f3 d9 o8 a7 u, b8 Y
MPB(1990年被TIMKEN收購)4 X5 }" J5 E! l9 x: K; z
KILIAN(1975年被Torrington收購,2003年被TIMKEN從Ingersoll-Rand手里買下,2004年被剝離賣給Genstar Capital LP)
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RHP(被NSK收購)
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德國
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東德DKF(Deutsche Kugellagerfabriken)被FAG收購(1990's 90年代)
9 ]* d. ^1 @( W(Note:此舉造成FAG1992年后財(cái)務(wù)危機(jī),因收購DKF東德工廠,而東德政權(quán)在一夜間垮臺(tái)時(shí),由于貨幣兌換問題,造成大量市場和客戶的丟失,而FAG不得不為此買單,險(xiǎn)些破產(chǎn);而DKF宣布破產(chǎn),徹底消亡)9 W( C' t( B7 s1 |
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經(jīng)過90年代中期的努力,FAG從這次嚴(yán)重的財(cái)務(wù)危機(jī)中走出的時(shí)候,盈利已經(jīng)是之前的三倍了,而此時(shí)正是世界排名第4位的FAG尋找合適的合作伙伴的時(shí)候了,這時(shí)的FAG轉(zhuǎn)向了當(dāng)時(shí)排名第三位的日本軸承巨頭NTN,然而在2001年卻被同一市場的競爭對(duì)手,世界排名第六位的INA惡意收購,被迫放棄管理權(quán),雖然當(dāng)時(shí)INA是同意保留FAG為分公司的管理權(quán)利,但之后卻出爾反爾,將FAG從上市名單中除名了(By the end of the decade, the company had regained its strong market position but was looking for strategic partners and negotiating with the world's number three bearings maker, Japanese NTN. However, in the fall of 2001, FAG, by then number four in the world's bearings market, fell victim to a hostile takeover by major competitor INA Holding Schaeffler KG, worldwide number six. After five weeks of arm-wrestling between the two companies, FAG's top management gave up their resistance. INA agreed to FAG remaining an independent subsidiary with its management holding based in Schweinfurt. However, INA delisted FAG from public trading. )& ?5 Q5 f* R7 \! ~/ A
+ T% P9 G! m/ E q就如現(xiàn)代人大多數(shù)并不知曉美國最大牌的發(fā)明家,嘿,可不是化身博士,而是愛迪生,是美國商業(yè)巨頭GE(通用電氣)的創(chuàng)始人一樣,其實(shí)現(xiàn)今的諸多軸承品牌與經(jīng)常曝光于媒體聚光燈下的商業(yè)巨頭們有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系.
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SKF于1927年創(chuàng)立了VOLVO品牌
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GBC也叫General Bearing,通用軸承,別誤會(huì),此通用和彼通用非同一家,有關(guān)系的是1987年該公司從通用汽車手中收購的Hyatt-Clark Industries Inc,而Hyatt-Clark Industries Inc在加入通用汽車之前的老板Alfred P. Sloan是美國GM(通用汽車)歷史上最卓越的領(lǐng)袖,開創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理的先河' Z8 y( {$ f# A: ~
: w M8 O5 v; w! r/ \世界上最早的軸承品牌? SKF? 老兄,你又錯(cuò)了, SKF由一位瑞典的工程師名字叫Sven Wingquist成立于1907年, TIMKEN was founded by Henry Timken in St. Louis, Missouri in 1899 and incorporated as The Timken Roller Bearing Axle Company.而1898年TORRINGTON在美國的緬因州成立了世界第一家滾針軸承公司4 ?0 C# h" Z3 Q
2 T# Y/ ?, p5 e& _. v等等! H# J5 X2 k' |1 P4 F8 ]
$ B0 U- \5 B% A/ r" k諸多的品牌在時(shí)代發(fā)展進(jìn)步中做出最基礎(chǔ)也是最不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)
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+ O$ L' |, ^& u1883: Friedrich Fischer designs the ball grinder. This machine allows steel balls to be ground to an absolutely round state for the first time – and in large volumes. Thanks to this innovation, he lays the foundation for the entire rolling bearing industry. Thus, the worldwide success story of the ball bearing begins in Schweinfurt.* f0 N+ j6 t; W1 J; W1 R$ q4 p
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1905: On July 29, the FAG brand is registered with the patent office in Berlin. The registered trademark FAG, stands for Fischers Aktien-Gesellschaft.
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% n5 H+ M5 q% P( x0 N5 w; h1946: Brothers Wilhelm and Georg Schaeffler, both holders of Ph.D. degrees, found INA in Herzogenaurach.$ ]/ e3 F# G) S8 s9 H- z H
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1949: The needle roller cage, developed by Georg Schaeffler, makes the needle roller bearing a reliable component for industrial applications9 |, G5 `# S7 S; N. ~1 \( U
) y" S4 M5 J N# p; V1965: LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau GmbH is founded in Bühl (with INA as one of the investors).) m2 x; y6 n8 _0 t) I
$ q- H2 ^, j0 o/ L9 V1 z$ P8 E; O% g1999: INA takes over LuK GmbH
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2002: Acquisition of FAG Kugelfischer Georg Schäfer AG, Schweinfurt.7 `1 U' j: d7 e0 x* \) O; |4 e
, v8 ?) {' z' e( F2 _9 C2003: INA, FAG and LuK form the Schaeffler Group.; Q) ?9 S5 d/ w) K8 T) |
3 N% x: S% R4 W2 i9 \2008: Schaeffler Group buys the much larger Continental AG (Germany).) e( ~4 s1 d' r* N) l" x
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2009: It was recently alleged that the Schaeffler group, during the Second World War has used human hair from Auschwitz victims in textiles.( Haaretz)) ~% v2 [' p v* S
/ L" Q4 J# a/ g二戰(zhàn)中85%以上的FAG軸承工廠被盟軍的炮火所摧毀,至今依然以二戰(zhàn)勝利為豪的美國人在www.skatelogforum.com中的一句話非常經(jīng)典German ball bearing factories were prime targets for Allied bombing runs during World War II. It you take away the enemies ability to roller skate, you take away their ability to fight! 1 B* x% e3 c! n/ c; r
V8 R- q$ |/ q* E而2009年被媒體曝光的針對(duì)二戰(zhàn)舍弗勒集團(tuán)的"指控"嫌疑,更是聞所未聞,駭人聽聞的8 l1 F7 l2 q% Q& u0 G6 o& e
% m# F$ ]0 v% p$ k4 V: \. M* S0 Y向大家講述軸承品牌的歷史到底能為大家?guī)硎裁矗?font class="jammer">5 N* Z0 I g; j4 }+ G% v
/ w* \: y! ? r& O4 Z我想這個(gè)問題就相當(dāng)于誰發(fā)明了電燈泡，電燈泡到底為這個(gè)世界帶來了什么一樣的問題。
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5 {5 G3 N V4 A/ u0 E/ T我們?nèi)绻?xì)心一點(diǎn)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一項(xiàng)重要的發(fā)明往往能使一個(gè)公司樹立百年而不倒（如FAG, SKF,甚至是GE電氣）( P# D/ N! |2 l
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Built to last 基業(yè)常青
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5 `+ _4 I. X3 z而軸承使世界轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，在第二次工業(yè)革命后的作用，它繁榮了汽車行業(yè)，送人上了月球，精密制導(dǎo)滅了兩河文化，讓空氣，真空和磁力又使得無介質(zhì)摩擦技術(shù)達(dá)到了一個(gè)新的領(lǐng)域。人類在不斷發(fā)展中，而軸承的生產(chǎn)中心和生產(chǎn)線已經(jīng)基本向中國等發(fā)展中國家轉(zhuǎn)移。這是大勢所趨。我們能從歷史中學(xué)到許多。有人曾經(jīng)說過，不懂歷史的人沒有野心（抱負(fù)）。經(jīng)典經(jīng)典經(jīng)典��！ |
發(fā)表于 2010-2-12 13:28:53
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發(fā)表于 2010-2-17 22:13:41
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